Fluency vs Communication. The path or the goal?

In the path of teaching and learning English there are two concepts that arise: Fluency and Communication.

I like to see communication as the ultimate goal for any language learner. On the other hand, fluency is the path the learner walks to allow the message to come across smoothly.

Then, an important question: What is fluency?

I often see fluency as a subjective concept since it is dependent on external factors. Nevertheless, the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) has established that a learner will be fluent in a foreign language when achieving level B2, considering descriptors that assess every language skill.

In other words, being fluent means that you should:

1. understand the language in a written and spoken way
2. share your ideas about a wide range of topics
3. interact easily in conversations (oral / written)

Of course, it implies that you have an extensive vocabulary and a high level of phonetic proficiency. Personally I think you might need quick responses at this level. So, hesitation or extensive pauses to form your sentence might be out of the equation at this point.

Ultimately, you can make mistakes since fluency has little to do with perfection. But keep in mind that when you say you are fluent in a foreign language, you plant seeds for high expectations. So, probably the listener will demand accuracy, good rhythm and intonation, and no hesitation if possible.

Then, does fluency equal communication?

In my opinion, a learner can be highly proficient, yet there may be communication gaps.

If we match fluency with the development of language learning skills, then you will be excellent in writing, reading, or listening. But, what about other intangible aspects? Are they measured in any descriptors?

What I mean is that language learning should go beyond black and white. We coexist with diverse cultural assets such as idioms or local references. We might even consider aspects like tone, register, or style.

We can see difficult words to decipher everywhere, and they will certainly hinder communication, but they do not necessarily affect the fluency of the conversation.

For example:

1. Hey bro, you were -2000 aura points. (no idea about the meaning)
2. Please refer to the AR department by EOD. (Excessive use of acronyms)
3. I am telling you, man. No cap. (local phrase)

It works the same way with a formal register. Imagine a young learner or even a native speaker exposed to the example below.

"The C-suite is advised to revise closely every pledge. Hence, the legal department will make any corresponding regulation effective by the time mentioned below."

Additionally, there are other cases related to cultural diversity. Undoubtedly, body language, dialects, traditions, or stereotypes will impact communication.

Consequently, to be fluent in a foreign language, one should aim at communication. Then, consider both verbal and non-verbal references. Do not forget that language is more than words.

We must integrate our lives into the language we are learning. It is not about going around learning new words. You have to explore it to its core. Then you will fluently communicate your ideas.